![]() This was an adaptation of standard technology developed by the electronics industry to create computer chips that was then applied to the creation of patterns to guide neuronal cell attachment. ![]() (4) used lithographic templating to fabricate simple patterns of cortical neurons. Most of the early work on cellular patterning used topographical cues until 1988, when a landmark publication by Kleinfeld et al. Researchers have attempted to use surface cues to pattern cells since as early as 1917, in which spider webs were used to pattern cells (3). There is also a certain allure to being able to integrate electrically active cells directly to electronic devices using standard electronic fabrication techniques. The idea of templates in nature abounds for the creation of organized biological systems using both inorganic (1), as well as organic template systems (2). One primary reason there is a tremendous amount of interest in cellular patterning techniques is that numerous examples in nature use these techniques to segregate cells into tissues, vessels, and organs. See also BIOINFORMATICS MEDICAL EDUCATION, COMPUTERS IN MEDICAL ENGINEERING SOCIETIES AND ORGANIZATIONS. American Society for Engineering Education. Integrating soft skills in a BME curriculum, Proc. Roles for learning sciences and learning technologies in biomedical engineering education: A review of recent advances. Washington: National Academy Press 1999.ġ5. How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Bransford JD, Brown AL, Cocking RR, editors. VaNTH ERC curriculum project (2004, June 10). The biomedical engineering curriculum database 2004. University partnerships in biomedical engineering.
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